Fundamentals of Wireless Communication

无线通信基础 英文原版 文字版 带目录关键是带目录~~Contents4.2.3 Impact on frequency reuse127Summary 4.1 Narrow band systems1284.3 Wideband systems: CDMA1284.3.1 CDMA uplink1314.3.2 CDMA downlink1454.3.3 System issues147Summary 4.2 CDMA1474.4 Wideband systems: OFDM1484.4.1 Allocation design principles1484.4.2 Hopping pattern1504.4.3 Signal characteristics and receiver design1524.4.4 Sectorization153Example 4.1 Flash-OFDM15Chapter 4 The main plot1544.5 Bibliographical notes1554. 6 Exercises1555 Capacity of wireless channels1665.1 AWGN channel capacity1675.1.1 Repetition coding1675.1.2 Packing spheres168Discussion 5. 1 Capacity-achieving AWGNchannel codes170Summary 5.1 Reliable rate of communicationand capacity1715.2 Resources of the awgn channel1725.2.1 Continuous-time awgn channel1725.2.2 Power and bandwidth173Example 5.2 Bandwidth reuse in cellular systems1755.3 Linear time-invariant gaussian channels175.3.1 Single input multiple output(SIMO) channel1795.3.2 Multiple input single output(MIsO) channe1795.3.3 Frequency-selective channel1815.4 Capacity of fading channels1865.4.1 Slow fading channel1875.4.2 Receive diversity5.4.3 Transmit diversity191Summary 5.2 Transmit and recieve diversity1955.4.4 Time and frequency diversity195Summary 5.3 Outage for parallel channels1995.4.5 Fast fading channel5.4.6 Transmitter side informationExample 5.3 Rate adaptation in IS-8562095.4.7 Frequency-selective fading channels213Contents5.4.8 Summary: a shift in point of view213Chapter 5 The main plot2145.5 Bibliographical notes2175.6 Exercises2176 Multiuser capacity and opportunistic communication2286.1 Uplink awgn channel2296.1. 1 Capacity via successive interference cancellation2296. 1.2 Comparison with conventional CDMA2326.1.3 Comparison with orthogonal multiple access2326.1.4 General K-user uplink capacity2346.2 Downlink awgn channel2356.2.1 Symmetric case: two capacity-achieving schemes6.2.2 General case: superposition coding achieves capacity238Summary 6. 1 Uplink and downlink AWGn capacity240Discussion 6.1 SIC: implementation issues2416.3 Uplink fading channel2436.3.1 Slow fading channe2436.3.2 Fast fading channel2456.3. 3 Full channel side information247Summary 6.2 Uplink fading channel6.4 Downlink fading channel2506.4. 1 Channel side information at receiver only2506.4.2 Full channel side information2516.5 Frequency-selective fading channels2526.6 Multiuser diversity2536.6. 1 Multiuser diversity gain2536.6.2 Multiuser versus classical diversity2566.7 Multiuser diversity: system aspects2566.7.1 Fair scheduling and multiuser diversity6.7.2 Channel prediction and feedback2626.7.3 Opportunistic beamforming using dumb antennas2636.7.4 Multiuser diversity in multicell systems2706. 7. 5 A system view272Chapter 6 The main plot2756.8 Bibliographical notes2776.9 Exercises2787 MIMO I: spatial multiplexing and channel modeling2907.1 Multiplexing capability of deterministic MImo channels2917.1.1 Capacity via singular value decomposition2917. 1.2 Rank and condition number294Contents7.2 Physical modeling of MIMO channels7.2.1 Line-of-Sight SIMO channel2967.2.2 Line-of-Sight miso channel2987.2. 3 Antenna arrays with only a line-of-sight path7.2.4 Geographically separated antennas3007.2.5 Line-of-Sight plus one reflected path30Summary 7. 1 Multiplexing capability of MiMo channels3097.3 Modeling of MIMo fading channels3097.3.1 Basic approach3097.3.2 MIMO multipath channel3117.3.3 Angular domain representation of signals7.3.4 Angular domain representation of mimo channels3157.3.5 Statistical modeling in the angular domain3177.3.6 Degrees of freedom and diversity318Example 7.1 degrees of freedom in clusteredresponse models3197.3.7 Dependency on antenna spacing7.3.8 I.i. d. Rayleigh fading model327Chapter 7 The main plot3287.4 Bibliographical notes3297. 5 Exercises3308 MIMO I: capacity and multiplexing architectures3328.1 The V-blast architecture3338.2 Fast fading MIMo channel3358.2.1 Capacity with CSI at receiver3368.2.2 Performance gains3388.2. 3 Full CSI346Summary 8.1 Performance gains in a mimo channel3488. 3 Receiver architectures3488.3.1 Linear decorrelator3498.3.2 Successive cancellation3558.3.3 Linear mmse receiver3568.3.4 Information theoretic optimality362Discussion 8.1 Connections with CDMa multiuser detectionand isi equalization3648. 4 Slow fading Mimo channel3668.5 D-BLAST: an outage-optimal architecture3688.5.1 Suboptimality of V-BLAST3688.5.2 Coding across transmit antennas: D-BLAS3718.5.3 Discussion372Chapter 8 The main plot8.6 Bibliographical notes3748.7 Exercises374Contents9 MIMO Ill: diversity-multiplexing tradeoff and universalspace-time codes3839.1 Diversity-multiplexing tradeoff3849.1.1 Formulation3849.1.2 Scalar Rayleigh channel3869. 1. 3 Parallel rayleigh chann3909.1.4 MISO Rayleigh channel3919. 1. 5 2 X 2 MIMO Rayleigh channel3929.1.6 n, X n MIMo i i.d. Rayleigh channel3959.2 Universal code design for optimal diversity-multiplexingtradeoff3989. 2. 1 QAM is approximately universal for scalar channels398Summary./ Approximate universality4009.2.2 Universal code design for parallel channels400Summary 9.2 Universal codes for the parallel channel4069.2. 3 Universal code design for miso channels407Summary 9.3 Universal codes for the miso channel4109. 2. 4 Universal code design for MIMO channels411Discussion 9.1 Universal codes in the downlink415Chapter 9 The main plot4159.3 Bibliographical notes4169. 4 Exercises41710 MIMO IV multiuser communication42510.1 Uplink with multiple receive antennas10.1. 1 Space-division multiple access42610.1.2 SDMA capacity region42810.1.3 System implications431Summary 10.1 SDMa and orthogonal multiple access43210.1.4 Slow fading43310.1.5 Fast fading43610.1.6 Multiuser diversity revisited439Summary 10.2 Opportunistic communication and multiplereceive antennas44210.2 MIMO uplink44210.2.1 SDMA with multiple transmit antennas44210.2.2 System implications4410.2. 3 Fast fading44610.3 Downlink with multiple transmit antennas44810.3. 1 Degrees of freedom in the downlink44810.3.2 Uplink-downlink duality and transmit beamforming44910.3.3 Precoding for interference known at transmitter45410.3.4 Precoding for the downlink46510.3.5 Fast fading468Contents10. 4 MiMo downlink47110.5 Multiple antennas in cellular networks: a system view473Summary 10.3 System implications of multiple antennas onmultiple access47310.5.1 Inter-cell interference management47410.5.2 Uplink with multiple receive antennas47610.5.3 MIMO uplink47810.5.4 Downlink with multiple receive antennas47910.5.5 Downlink with multiple transmit antennas479Example 10. 1 SDMa in Array Comm systems479Chapter 10 The main plot48110.6 Bibliographphical notes48210.7 Exercises4Appendix a Detection and estimation in additive Gaussian noise495A 1 Gaussian random variables496A 1.1 Scalar real Gaussian random variables496A 1.2 Real Gaussian random vectors497A 1.3 Complex gaussian random vectorsSummary A 1 Complex Gaussian random vectors502A 2 Detection in Gaussian noise503A.2.1 Scalar detectionA 2.2 Detection in a vector space504A. 2. 3 Detection in a complex vector space507Summary A 2 Vector detection in complex Gaussian noise508A 3 Estimation in gaussian noiseA.3.1 Scalar estimationA.3.2 Estimation in a vector space510A.3.3 Estimation in a complex vector space511Summary A3 Mean square estimation in a complex vector space513A, 4 Exercises513Appendix b Information theory from first principles516B.1 Discrete memoryless channels516Example b. 1 Binary symmetric channel517Example B 2 Binary erasure channel517B 2 Entropy, conditional entropy and mutual information518Example b 3 Binary entropy518B3 Noisy channel coding theorem521B.3.1 Reliable communication and conditional entropy521B.3.2 A Simple upper bound522B.3.3 Achieving the upper bound523Example b 4 Binary symmetric channel524Example b5 Binary erasure channel525B.3.4 Operational interpretation525ContentsB4 Formal derivation of AWGN capacity526B 4.1 Analog memoryless channels526B 4.2 Derivation of AWGn capacity527B5 Sphere-packing interpretation529B.51Upper bound529B 5.2 Achievability5B6 Time-invariant parallel channel532B7 Capacity of the fast fading channel533B.7.1 Scalar fast fading channnel533B 7. 2 Fast fading mimo channel535B 8 Outage formulation536B9 Multiple access channel538B 9.1 Capacity region538B.9.2 Corner points of the capacity region539B.9.3 Fast fading uplink540B 10 Exercises541ReferencesIndex554PrefaceWhy we wrote this bookThe writing of this book was prompted by two main developments in wirelesscommunication in the past decade. First is the huge surge of research activitiesin physical-layer wireless communication theory While this has been a subjectof study since the sixties, recent developments such as opportunistic and multiple input multiple output(MIMO) communication techniques have broughtcompletely new perspectives on how to communicate over wireless channelsSecond is the rapid evolution of wireless systems, particularly cellular net-works, which embody communication concepts of increasing sophisticationThis evolution started with second-generation digital standards, particularlythe is-95 Code Division Multiple Access standard, continuing to more recentthird-generation systems focusing on data applications. This book aims topresent modern wireless communication concepts in a coherent and unifiedmanner and to illustrate the concepts in the broader context of the wirelesssystems on which they have been appliedStructure of the bookThis book is a web of interlocking concepts The concepts can be structuredroughly into three levels1. channel characteristics and modeling2. communication concepts and techniques3. application of these concepts in a system contexta wireless communication engineer should have an understanding of theconcepts at all three levels as well as the tight interplay between the levelsWe emphasize this interplay in the book by interlacing the chapters acrossthese levels rather than presenting the topics sequentially from one level tothe nextPrefaceChapter 2: basic properties of multipath wireless channels and their mod-eling (level 1)Chapter 3: point-to-point communication techniques that increase reliabilityby exploiting time, frequency and spatial diversity(2)Chapter 4: cellular system design via a case study of three systems, focusingon multiple access and interference management issues(3)Chapter 5: point-to-point communication revisited from a more fundamentalcapacity point of view, culminating in the modern concept of opportunisticcommunication(2)Chapter 6: multiuser capacity and opportunistic communication, and itsapplication in a third-generation wireless data system( 3)Chapter 7: MIMO channel modeling (1)Chapter 8: MIMO capacity and architectures(2)Chapter 9: diversity-multiplexing tradeoff and space-time code design(2)Chapter 10: MIMO in multiuser channels and cellular systems 3)How to use this bookThis book is written as a textbook for a first-year graduate course in wirelesscommunication. The expected background is solid undergraduate/beginninggraduate courses in signals and systems, probability and digital communication This background is supplemented by the two appendices in the bookAppendix a summarizes some basic facts in vector detection and estimationin gaussian noise which are used repeatedly throughout the book. appendix bcovers the underlying information theory behind the channel capacity resultsused in this book. Even though information theory has played a significantrole in many of the recent developments in wireless communication, in themain text we only introduce capacity results in a heuristic manner and usethem mainly to motivate communication concepts and techniques. No back-ground in information theory is assumed. The appendix is intended for thereader who wants to have a more in-depth and unified understanding of thecapacity resultsAt Berkeley and Urbana-Champaign, we have used earlier versions of thisbook to teach one-semester(15 weeks) wireless communication courses. Wehave been able to cover most of the materials in Chapters I through 8 andparts of 9 and 10. Depending on the background of the students and the timeavailable, one can envision several other ways to structure a course aroundthis book. Exampleso a senior level advanced undergraduate course in wireless communicationChaptptrs2,3,4An advanced graduate course for students with background in wirelesschannels and systems: Chapters 3, 5, 6, 7,8,9,10