Direct Time-of-Flight Sensor Modeling and Analysis in SPAD

This paper focuses on the modeling and analysis of a direct time-of-flight sensor using Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPAD). The study includes a detailed analysis of the sensor's performance and the various factors that affect it. The results show that SPAD-based direct time-of-flight sensors have significant advantages over traditional sensors in terms of accuracy and speed. Furthermore, the paper discusses the potential applications of these sensors in the fields of robotics, autonomous vehicles, and industrial automation.