使用Pyramid框架构建基于RESTful风格的API服务

本示例展示如何在Pyramid框架下构建一个支持RESTful风格的API服务。实现方式包括使用Pyramid框架的视图和路由系统，使用SQLAlchemy和PostgreSQL数据库管理系统，以及使用Pyramid开发的Pyramid Swagger UI中间件来生成OpenAPI规范文档。

from pyramid.view import view_config, view_defaults
from pyramid.response import Response
from pyramid.httpexceptions import HTTPNotFound

from myapp.models import DBSession, User
from myapp.schemas import UserSchema

@view_defaults(route_name='users', renderer='json')
class UserView:

    def __init__(self, request):
        self.request = request

    @view_config(request_method='GET')
    def get_all_users(self):
        users = DBSession.query(User).all()
        schema = UserSchema(many=True)
        return schema.dump(users)

    @view_config(request_method='GET', route_name='users/{id}')
    def get_user_by_id(self):
        id = int(self.request.matchdict['id'])
        user = DBSession.query(User).get(id)
        if user is None:
            raise HTTPNotFound('User not found')
        schema = UserSchema()
        return schema.dump(user)

    @view_config(request_method='POST')
    def create_user(self):
        data = self.request.json
        schema = UserSchema()
        user = schema.load(data, session=DBSession)
        DBSession.add(user)
        return schema.dump(user)

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