Erlang中使用OTP库实现简单的TCP服务器和客户端通信

本示例代码展示了如何使用Erlang的OTP库实现一个简单的TCP服务器和客户端通信。通过基于OTP框架的gen_server/gen_tcp模块，可以方便地实现可靠的、并发的网络编程。

%% TCP Server
-module(tcp_server).
-behaviour(gen_server).

-export([start_link/0, init/1, handle_call/3, handle_cast/2, handle_info/2, terminate/2, code_change/3]).
-export([accept/2, handle_client/2]).

start_link() ->
    gen_server:start_link({local, ?MODULE}, ?MODULE, [], []).

init([]) ->
    {ok, Listen} = gen_tcp:listen(8080, [binary, {packet, 0}, {reuseaddr, true}, {active, false}]),
    listen(Listen, []).

handle_call(_Request, _From, State) ->
    {reply, ok, State}.

handle_cast(_Msg, State) ->
    {noreply, State}.

handle_info({tcp, Socket, Data}, State = {listen, Listen}) ->
    spawn(fun () -> handle_client(Socket, Data) end),
    {noreply, State};
handle_info(timeout, State) ->
    {noreply, State};
handle_info(_, State) ->
    {noreply, State}.

terminate(_Reason, _State) ->
    ok.

code_change(_OldVsn, State, _Extra) ->
    {ok, State}.

listen(Listen, Clients) ->
    case gen_tcp:accept(Listen) of
        {ok, Socket} ->
            NewClients = [Socket | Clients],
            gen_tcp:controlling_process(Socket, self()),
            listen(Listen, NewClients);
        {error, _} ->
            ok
    end.

handle_client(Socket, Data) ->
    io:format("Received data: ~p~n", [Data]),
    gen_tcp:send(Socket, Data),
    gen_tcp:close(Socket).

%% TCP Client
-module(tcp_client).

-export([main/1]).

main([Host, Port]) ->
    {ok, Socket} = gen_tcp:connect(Host, Port, [binary, {packet, 0}, {active, false}]),
    gen_tcp:send(Socket, "Hello, world!"),
    {ok, Received} = gen_tcp:recv(Socket, 0),
    io:format("Received data: ~p~n", [Received]),
    gen_tcp:close(Socket).

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